Work Locally with Git from the Command Line (Activity)

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Title Git Activity 2
Overview Students install and use git.
Prerequisite Knowledge
  • Bash skills: manipulate and navigate a filesystem.
  • Vim skills: edit and exit (with or without changes).
Learning Objectives Able to ...
  • Download git.
  • Install git.
  • Configure git.
  • Configure SSH.
  • Make and commit changes to repository.
  • Add new files to repository.
  • Remove file from repository.
  • Modify a file and commit the change.
  • Stage changes for commit.
  • Un-stage changes for commit.
  • Explain the purpose of the stage/cache/index.
  • Inspect the state of a repository.
  • Undo a commit.

Background:

Directions:

Git

Download and install git for your operating system:

SSH

You might want to setup an SSH key if you plan to work with remote repositories a lot. See https://help.github.com/articles/generating-ssh-keys

Help

Open a terminal (git-bash on Windows) and run the following commands.

 git help
 git help -ag
 git help init
  1. What does `git help` do?
  2. What does `-ag` cause `git help` to do?
  3. What does `git help command` do?

You may use `git help` at any time to help you answer the questions in this activity.

Identify yourself

Run the following commands, replacing BOGUS NAME and BOGUS@EMAIL with your name and email.

 git config --global user.name 'BOGUS NAME'
 git config --global user.email 'BOGUS@EMAIL'
  1. What are these commands doing?
  2. What is the purpose of `--global`?

Create repository

 mkdir project
 cd project
 git init
  1. What was created by `git init`?
  2. Any file that starts with `.` is hidden in Linux. How do you display a hidden file in Linux?
  3. What would happen if you delete `.git`?
  4. You find an old project on your hard drive. You do not remember if it is a under version control by git. How can you find out?

Basic commands

Use a plain text editor to create `names.txt` inside the `project` folder. Put the names of your team in the file. Save and exit.

Run `git status` before and after each of these commands.

 git add names.txt
 git commit -m'Add our names.'
 git log
  1. What kind of information does `git status` report?
  2. What does `git add names.txt` do?
  3. What does `git commit -m'Add our names.'` do?
  4. What does `git log do`?


Use a plain text editor to create the following files:

  • `birthdays.txt` - Put your birthdays in this file.
  • `movies.txt` - Put the last movie each of you watched.

Run `git status` before and after each of these commands.

 git add .
 git commit  # You are in vim; write a multi-line commit message, save and quit.
 git log
  1. What does `git add .` do? What do you think `.` means?
  2. What does `git commit` (without -m) do?
  3. If you want to write a more detailed commit message (which is good practice) what command would you use?

Stage/Cache/Index

Do the following:

  • Modify `names.txt` so that names are listed in _Last, First_ format, one per line.
  • Modify `movies.txt` so they are in reverse alphabetical order by title.
  • Create a new file `foods.txt` that contains your favorite foods (one for each team member).

Run the following commands:

 git add names.txt
 git status
  1. Below write each file name under the state that its changes are currently in. Compose a definition for each state.
    • Staged
    • Unstaged
    • Untracked
  2. If you run `git commit` what changes will be committed (___don't do it___)?
  3. What command do you run to stage changes?
  4. What command do you run to unstage changes?

Run the following commands:

 git diff
 git diff --cached
  1. What does `git diff` display?
  2. What does `git diff --cached` display?
  3. Formulate a sequence of commands to unstage changes to `names.txt`, and stage the changes to `movies.txt`. Execute your commands and confirm they worked.
  4. Edit `movies.txt`, change any one of the movies, and save it. Then run `git status`. What do you observe? Explain what you think is going on.
  5. Delete `names.txt`. Then run `git status`. What do you observe? Explain what you think is going on.
  6. Rename `movies.txt` to `last-movies`. Run `git status`. Observe and explain.
  7. Formulate a sequence of commands to stage all changes including the untracked file and commit (with any reasonable message you like). Execute them.
  8. In git vernacular, `index`, `cache`, and `stage` all refer to the same thing. What does it hold?
  9. Why have a `stage`? Why not just commit all changes since the last commit?


Undo

 git log
 git status
 git reset --soft HEAD^
 git log
 git status
  1. What does `git reset --soft HEAD^` do?
 git commit -m'Redo'
 git log
 git status
 git reset --hard HEAD^
 git log
 git status
  1. What does `git reset --hard HEAD^` do?
  2. What is the difference between `--hard` and `--soft`?
  3. What do you think `HEAD^` means?
  4. What do you think `HEAD` means?


Deliverables:

Assessment:

Comments:

Additional Information:

Knowledge Area/Knowledge Unit
Topic Git
Level of Difficulty Beginner
Estimated Time to Completion 50 min
Materials/Environment
Author Stoney Jackson
Source
License CC BY-SA 4.0


Suggestions for the Open Source Project:


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

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